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1. general description the PCF8536 is a peripheral device which interf aces to almost any liquid crystal display (lcd) 1 with low multiplex rates. it generates the drive signals for any multiplexed lcd containing up to eight backplanes, up to 44 segments, and up to 320 elements. the PCF8536 is compatible with most microcon trollers and communicates via the two-line bidirectional i 2 c-bus (PCF8536at) or a three line unidirectional spi-bus (PCF8536bt). communication overheads are minimized us ing a display ram with auto-incremented addressing. the PCF8536 feat ures an on-chip pwm controller fo r led illumination. up to six independent channels can be configured. each channel has 128 levels allowing the possibility for two rgb controllers. each of them provides over 2 million colors. each channel can also be used for static drive. 2. features and benefits ? single-chip 320 segment lcd controller and driver with 6 channel pwm generator ? 6 channel pwm generator fo r backlight led illumination ? selectable display bias configuration ? wide range for digital power supply: from 1.8 v to 5.5 v ? wide lcd supply range: from 2.5 v for lo w threshold lcds and up to 9.0 v for high threshold twisted nematic lcds ? low power consumption ? selectable backplane drive configuration: 4, 6, or 8 backplane multiplexing ? lcd and logic supplies may be separated ? 320-bit ram for display data storage ? 6 pwm outputs with a 7-bit resolution (128 steps) and drivers for external transistors ? programmable pwm frame frequency to avoid lcd backlight flickering ? 400 khz i 2 c-bus interface (PCF8536at) ? 5 mhz spi-bus interface (PCF8536bt) ? programmable frame frequency in the range of 60 hz to 300 hz in steps of 10 hz; factory calibrated PCF8536 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates including a 6 channel pwm generator rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 product data sheet 1. the definition of the abbreviations and acr onyms used in this data sheet can be found in section 19 .
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 2 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator ? 320 segments driven allowing: ? up to 40 7-segment alphanumeric characters ? up to 20 14-segment alphanumeric characters ? any graphics of up to 320 elements ? manufactured in silicon gate cmos process 3. applications ? white goods and consumer products 4. ordering information 5. marking table 1. ordering information type number interface type package name description version PCF8536at/1 i 2 c-bus tssop56 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 56 leads; body width 6.1 mm sot364-1 PCF8536bt/1 spi-bus tssop56 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 56 leads; body width 6.1 mm sot364-1 table 2. marking codes type number marking code PCF8536at/1 PCF8536at PCF8536bt/1 PCF8536bt
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 3 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 6. block diagram fig 1. block diagram of PCF8536at 013aaa419 lcd voltage selector prescaler and timing input filters power-on reset oscclk scl sda a0 backplane outputs bp0 to bp3 display segment outputs display register s6 to s39 PCF8536at lcd bias generator v ss v dd command decoder write data control v lcd oscillator and clock selection i 2 c-bus controller data pointer, auto increment display ram and pwm registers gpo/pwm generator bp4 to bp7/ s40 to s43 s0/gp0 to s5/gp5 reset
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 4 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator fig 2. block diagram of PCF8536bt 013aaa429 lcd voltage selector prescaler and timing power-on reset oscclk scl sdi ce backplane outputs bp0 to bp3 display segment outputs display register s6 to s39 PCF8536bt lcd bias generator v ss v dd command decoder write data control v lcd oscillator and clock selection spi-bus controller data pointer, auto increment display ram and pwm registers gpo/pwm generator bp4 to bp7/ s40 to s43 s0/gp0 to s5/gp5 reset
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 5 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driver with 6 channel pwm generator 7. pinning information 7.1 pinning top view. for mechanical details, see figure 51 . top view. for mechanical details, see figure 51 . fig 3. pin configuration for tssop56 (PCF8536at) fig 4. pin configuration for tssop56 (PCF8536bt) PCF8536at s9 s8 s10 s7 s11 s6 s12 s5/gp5 s13 s4/gp4 s14 s3/gp3 s15 s2/gp2 s16 s1/gp1 s17 s0/gp0 s18 v lcd s19 oscclk bp0/s32 v dd bp1/s33 v ss bp2/s34 reset bp3/s35 sda bp4/s43/s36 scl bp5/s42/s37 a0 bp6/s41/s38 s39/bp0 bp7/s40/s39 s38/bp1 s20 s37/bp2 s21 s36/bp3 s22 s35/bp4/s43 s23 s34/bp5/s42 s24 s33/bp6/s41 s25 s32/bp7/s40 s26 s31 s27 s30 s28 s29 013aaa430 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 PCF8536bt s9 s8 s10 s7 s11 s6 s12 s5/gp5 s13 s4/gp4 s14 s3/gp3 s15 s2/gp2 s16 s1/gp1 s17 s0/gp0 s18 v lcd s19 oscclk bp0/s32 v dd bp1/s33 v ss bp2/s34 reset bp3/s35 sdi bp4/s43/s36 scl bp5/s42/s37 ce bp6/s41/s38 s39/bp0 bp7/s40/s39 s38/bp1 s20 s37/bp2 s21 s36/bp3 s22 s35/bp4/s43 s23 s34/bp5/s42 s24 s33/bp6/s41 s25 s32/bp7/s40 s26 s31 s27 s30 s28 s29 013aaa431 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 6 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 7.2 pin description [1] v lcd must be equal to or greater than v dd . [2] effect of backplane swapping is illustrated in figure 5 on page 10 . [3] bit bps is explained in section 8.1.4 on page 9 . table 3. pin description of PCF8536at and PCF8536bt pin symbol type description 1 to 11 s9 to s19 output lcd segment 20 to 31 s20 to s31 output lcd segment 43 reset input active low reset input 44 v ss supply ground supply voltage 45 v dd supply supply voltage 46 oscclk input/output external clo ck input/internal oscillator output 47 v lcd [1] supply lcd supply voltage 48 to 53 s0/gp0 to s5/gp5 outp ut lcd segment/gpo (pwm) output 54 to 56 s6 to s8 output lcd segment pin layout depending on backplane swap configuration [2] bps = 0 bps = 1 [3] 12 bp0 s32 output lcd backplane/lcd segment 13 bp1 s33 14 bp2 s34 15 bp3 s35 16 bp4/s43 s36 17 bp5/s42 s37 18 bp6/s41 s38 19 bp7/s40 s39 32 s32 bp7/s40 33 s33 bp6/s41 34 s34 bp5/s42 35 s35 bp4/s43 36 s36 bp3 37 s37 bp2 38 s38 bp1 39 s39 bp0 pin layout depending on product and bus type PCF8536at PCF8536bt 40 a0 input i 2 c-bus slave address selection ce input spi-bus chip enable - active low 41 scl input i 2 c-bus serial clock scl input spi-bus serial clock 42 sda input/output i 2 c-bus serial data sdi input spi-bus data input
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 7 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8. functional description the PCF8536 is a versatile peripheral device designed to interface any microcontroller to a wide variety of lcds and 6 backlight leds. it can directly drive any multiplexed lcd containing up to eight backplanes and up to 44 segments. 8.1 commands of PCF8536 the PCF8536 is controlled by 15 commands, which are defined in ta b l e 4 . any other combinations of operation code bits that are not mentioned in this document may lead to undesired operation modes of PCF8536. [1] information about control byte and register selection see section 9.1 on page 46 . 8.1.1 command: initialize this command generates a chip-wide reset. it has the same function as the reset pin. reset takes 1 ms to complete. table 4. commands of PCF8536 command name register selection rs[1:0] [1] bits reference 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 initialize 0000010110 section 8.1.1 otp-refresh 0011110000 section 8.1.2 pwm-inversion 000001010pwmi section 8.1.3 mode-settings 000101bpsinvpde section 8.1.4 oscillator-control 0 0 00011efrcoe osc section 8.1.5 gpo-output-config 001100gpm1[1:0]gpm0[1:0] section 8.1.6 001101gpm3[1:0]gpm2[1:0] 001110gpm5[1:0]gpm4[1:0] set-mux-mode 00000000m[1:0] section 8.1.7 set-bias-mode 00000001b[1:0] section 8.1.8 frame-frequency-lcd00001fd[4:0] section 8.1.9 frame-frequency-pwm000100fp[3:0] section 8.1.10 gpo-static-data 0001100gpo2gpo1gpo0 section 8.1.11 0001101gpo5gpo4gpo3 load-data-pointer-lcd 0 0 1 0 dp[5:0] section 8.1.12 load-data-pointer-pwm0001110pp[2:0] section 8.1.13 write-ram-data 0 1 d[7:0] section 8.1.14 write-pwm-data 1 0 0 p[6:0] section 8.1.15 table 5. initialize - initialize command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 0 - 00010110 fixed value
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 8 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.2 command: otp-refresh during production and testing of the device, ea ch ic is calibrated to achieve the specified accuracy of the frame frequency. this calibration is performed on eprom cells called one time programmable (otp) cells. the device reads these cells every time the otp-refresh command is sent. this instruction has to be sent after a reset has been made and before the display is enabled. this command will be completed after a maximum of 30 ms and requires either the internal or external clock to ru n. if the internal o scillator is not used, then a clock must be supplied to the oscclk pin. if the otp-refresh instruction is sent and no clock is present, then the request is stored until a clock is available. remark: it is recommended not to enter power-down mode during the otp refresh cycle. 8.1.3 command: pwm-inversion it is possible to invert the output of the pw m generators. this func tion may be useful for counteracting emc issues. the description of this mode can be found in section 8.11.2 on page 45 . [1] default value. table 6. otp-refresh - otp-re fresh command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 0 - 11110000 fixed value table 7. pwm-inversion - pwm inve rsion command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 1 - 0001010 fixed value 0pwmi pwm inversion mode 1 pwm inversion mode on 0 [1] pwm inversion mode off
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 9 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.4 command: mode-settings [1] default value. [2] see section 8.1.4.2 . 8.1.4.1 backplane swapping backplane swapping can be conf igured with the bps bit (see ta b l e 8 ). it moves the location of the backplane and the associated segment outputs from one side of the PCF8536 to the other. backplane swapping is sometimes desirable to aid with the routing of pcbs that do not use multiple layers. the bps bit has to be set to the required value before enabling the display. failure to do so does not damage the PCF8536 or the display, however unexpected display content may appear. table 8. mode-settings - mode se ttings command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 4 - 0101 fixed value 3 bps backplane swapping 0 [1] backplane configuration 0 1 backplane configuration 1 2inv set inversion mode 0 [1] [2] driving scheme a: lcd line inversion mode 1 driving scheme b: lcd frame inversion mode 1pd set power mode 1 power-down mode; backplane and segment outputs are connected to v ss and the internal oscillator is switched off 0 [1] power-up mode 0e display switch 0 [1] display disabled; backplane and segment outputs are connected to v ss 1 display enabled
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 10 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.4.2 line inversion (driving scheme a) and frame inversion (driving scheme b) the dc offset of the voltage across the lcd is compensated over a certain period: line-wise in line inversion mode (d riving scheme a) or frame-wise in frame inversion mode (driving scheme b). with the inv bit (see ta b l e 8 ), the compensation mode can be switched. in frame inversion mode, the dc value is compensated across two frames and not within one frame. changing the inversion mode to frame inversion reduces the power consumption; therefore it is useful when power consumption is a key point in the application. frame inversion may not be suitable for all applications. the rms voltage across a segment is better defined; however, since the switching frequency is reduced, there is possibility for flicker to occur. the waveforms of figure 15 on page 29 to figure 18 on page 32 are showing line inversion mode. figure 19 on page 33 shows an example of frame inversion. 8.1.4.3 power-down mode the power-down bit (pd) allows the PCF8536 to be put in a minimum power configuration. in order to avoid display artefacts, it is recommended to enter power-down only after the display has been switched off by setting bit e to logic 0. during power-down, the internal oscillator is switched off and any selected pwm output is revert to the static value stored in bits gpo0 to gpo5. these bits may be programmed to give a static logic 0 or static logic 1 on selected gp0 to gp5 pins. fig 5. effect of backplane swapping bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp4/s43 bp5/s42 bp6/s41 s39 bp7/s40 s38 s20 s37 s21 s36 s22 s35 s23 s34 s24 s33 s25 s32 s26 s31 s27 s30 s28 s29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 s32 s33 s34 s35 s36 s37 s38 bp0 s39 bp1 s20 bp2 s21 bp3 s22 bp4/s43 s23 bp5/s42 s24 bp6/s41 s25 bp7/s40 s26 s31 s27 s30 s28 s29 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 bps = 0 bps = 1 013aaa432
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 11 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator with the following sequence, the PCF8536 can be set to a state of minimum power consumption, called power-down mode. remarks: ? it is necessary to run the power-down sequence before removing the supplies. depending on the application, care must be taken that no other signals are present at the chip input or output pins when removing the supplies (see section 10 ). otherwise it may cause unwanted display artifacts. in case of an uncontrolled removal of supply voltages, the PCF8536 will not be damaged. ? static voltages across the liquid crystal display can build up when the external lcd supply voltage (v lcd ) is on while the ic supply voltage is off, or vice versa. this may cause unwanted display artifacts. to avoid such artifacts, v lcd and v dd must be applied or removed together. table 9. effect of the power-down bit (pd) effect on function mode settings effect of setting pd 0 1 backplane output e = 1 normal function v ss segment output e = 1 normal function v ss internal oscillator osc = 0, coe = 1 on off oscclk pin osc = 0, coe = 1 output of internal oscillator frequency v dd oscclk pin osc = 1 input clock clock input, can be logic 0, logic 1, or left floating gpo static drive static drive static drive gpo pwm drive pwm drive static drive fig 6. recommended power-down sequence start disable display by setting bit e logic 0 external clock can be removed now 013aaa447 enable power- down mode with pd = 1 stop
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 12 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator ? a clock signal must always be supplied to the device when the display is active. removing the clock may freeze the lcd in a dc state, which is not suitable for the liquid crystal. it is recommended to disable the display first and afterwards to remove the clock signal. 8.1.4.4 display enable the display enable bit (e) is used to enable and disable the display. when the display is disabled, all lcd outputs go to v ss . this function is implemented to ensure that no voltage can be induced on the lcd outputs as it may lead to unwanted displays of segments. recommended start-up sequences are found in section 8.2.3 remarks: ? the state of display enable has no effect on the gpo outputs. ? display enable is not synchronized to an lcd frame boundary. therefore using this function to flash a display for prolonged periods is not recommended due to the possible build-up of dc voltages on the display. 8.1.5 command: oscillator-control the oscillator-control command switches between internal and external oscillator and enables or disables the pin oscclk. it is al so used to define what the external frequency will be. [1] default value. the bits osc, coe, and efr control the so urce and frequency of the clock used to generate the lcd and pwm signals (see figure 7 ). valid combinations are shown in ta b l e 11 . table 10. oscillator-control - oscilla tor control command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 3 - 00011 fixed value 2efr external clock frequency applied on pin oscclk 0 [1] 9.6 khz 1 230 khz 1coe clock output enable for pin oscclk 0 [1] clock signal not available on pin oscclk; pin oscclk is in 3-state 1 clock signal available on pin oscclk 0osc oscillator source 0 [1] internal oscillator running 1 external oscillator used; pin oscclk becomes an input; used in combination with efr to determine input frequency
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 13 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.5.1 oscillator the internal logic and lcd drive signals of the PCF8536 are timed either by the built-in oscillator or from an external clock. internal clock: when the internal oscillator is used, all lcd and pwm signals are generated fr om it. the oscillator runs at nominal 230 khz. the relationship between this frequency and the lcd frame frequency is detailed in section 8.1.9 . the relationship between this frequency and the pwm frame frequency is detailed in section 8.1.10 . control over the internal oscilla tor is made with the osc bit (see section 8.1.5 ). the internal oscillator is also s witched on or off under certai n combinations of modes which are described in ta b l e 1 3 . (1) can only be used with the internal oscillator (osc = 0). (2) can only be used with an external oscillator (osc = 1). (3) nominal value for divide factor q is 24; source clock is 230 khz (see section 8.1.9 ). (4) pwm requires an external or internal 230 khz clock. fig 7. oscillator selection table 11. valid combinations of bits osc, efr, and coe osc coe efr oscclk pin clock source 0 0 not used inactive; may be left floating internal oscillator used 0 1 not used output of internal oscillator frequency (prescaler) internal oscillator used 1 not used 0 9.6 khz input oscclk pin 1 not used 1 230 khz input oscclk pin table 12. typical use of bits osc, efr, and coe usage osc cde efr lcd and/or pwm with internal oscillator 0 0 not used lcd and pwm with external oscillator 1 not used 1 lcd with external oscillator 1 not used 0 internal oscillator 230 khz 1 0 programmable divider 0 1 programmable divider 0 1 lcd waveform generator pwm waveform generator 013aaa448 oscclk pin lcd frame frequency selection, q pwm frame frequency selection, p efr (2) 9.6 khz (3) osc coe (1) (4)
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 14 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator [1] when reset is active, the internal oscillator is off. [2] special case. the pwm generator needs 230 khz and must be enabled when pwm is enabled. it is possible to make the inte rnal oscillator signal available on pin oscclk by using the oscillator-control command (see ta b l e 1 0 ) and configuring the clock output enable (coe) bit. if not required, the pin oscclk should be left open or connected to v ss . at power-on the signal at pin oscclk is disabled and pin oscclk is in 3-state. clock output is only valid when using the in ternal oscillator. the signal will appear on the oscclk pin. an intermediate clock frequency is available at the oscclk pin. the duty cycle of this clock varies with the chosen divide ratio. [1] when reset is active, the pin oscclk is in 3-state. [2] in this state, an external clock may be applied, but it is not a requirement. [3] 9.6 khz is the nominal frequency with q = 24, see table 15 . external clock: in applications where an external clock must be applied to the PCF8536, bit osc (see ta b l e 1 0 ) has to be set logic 1. in this case pin oscclk becomes an input. the oscclk signal must switch between the v ss and the v dd voltage supplied to the chip. the system is designed for a 230 khz clock or alternatively for using a 9.6 khz clock. the efr bit determines the external clock frequency. the clock frequency (f clk(ext) ) in turn determines the lcd frame frequency, see table 15 . the pwm generator requires a 230 khz clock to operate. if pwm is enabled and an external clock of 9.6 khz is selected , then the internal oscillato r will automatically start and be used for the pwm signal generation. table 13. internal oscillator on/off table pd osc pwm efr internal oscillator state [1] power-down n.a. n.a. n.a. off power-up internal oscillator n.a. n.a. on external oscillator off n.a. off on 9.6 khz on [2] on 230 khz off table 14. oscclk table pd osc coe efr oscclk pin [1] power-down n.a. off n.a. 3-state [2] p o w e r - d o w nn . a .o n n . a .v dd power-up internal oscillator off n.a. 3-state on n.a. 9.6 khz output [3] external oscillator n.a. 9.6 khz 9.6 khz input 230 khz 230 khz input
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 15 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator remark: if an external clock is used, then this clock signal must always be supplied to the device when the display is on. removing t he clock may freeze the lcd in a dc state which will damage the lcd material. 8.1.5.2 timing and frame frequency the timing of the PCF8536 organizes the intern al data flow of the device. this includes the transfer of display data from the display ram to the display segment outputs. the timing also generates the lcd frame frequency which it derives as an integer division of the clock frequency (see ta b l e 1 5 ). the frame frequency is a fixed division of the internal clock or of the frequency applied to pi n oscclk when an external clock is used. [1] other values of the frame frequency prescaler see table 21 . when the internal clock is used, or an external clock with efr = 1, the lcd frame frequency can be programmed by software in steps of approximately 10 hz in the range of 60 hz to 300 hz (see ta b l e 2 1 ). furthermore the internal os cillator is factory calibrated, see table 44 on page 59 . 8.1.6 command: gpo-output-config the behavior of the combined lcd and gpo outputs s5/gp5 to s0/gp0 is configured with the bits described in ta b l e 1 6 . each output can be individually configured to be either an lcd segment output, a pwm output or a static general-purpose output (gpo), see ta b l e 1 7 . remark: even if using gpo only, v lcd must still be app lied to the device. table 15. lcd frame frequencies frame frequency typical external frequency (hz) nominal frame frequency (hz) efr bit value of q [1] 9600 200 0 - 230000 200 1 24 f fr lcd ?? f clk ext ?? 48 ----------------- = f fr lcd ?? f clk ext ?? 48 q ? ----------------- = table 16. gpo-output-config - output mode config command for s5/gp5 to s0/gp0 bit symbol value description gpm0 and gpm1 7 to 4 - 1100 fixed value 3 to 2 gpm1[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s1/gp1 1 to 0 gpm0[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s0/gp0 gpm2 and gpm3 7 to 4 - 1101 fixed value 3 to 2 gpm3[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s3/gp3 1 to 0 gpm2[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s2/gp2 gpm4 and gpm5 7 to 4 - 1110 fixed value 3 to 2 gpm5[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s5/gp5 1 to 0 gpm4[1:0] see ta b l e 1 7 output mode for s4/gp4
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 16 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator [1] default value. 8.1.7 command: set-mux-mode the multiplex drive mode is confi gured with the bits described in ta b l e 1 8 . [1] default value. 8.1.8 command: set-bias-mode the set-bias-mode command allows setting the bias level. [1] default value. 8.1.9 command: frame-frequency-lcd with the frame-frequency-lcd command, the frame frequency for the display can be configured. the clock frequency determines the frame frequency. the system is designed for a 230 khz clock. it is either internally generated or externally provided. alternatively a 9.6 khz clock signal can be provided as well. the efr bit (see ta b l e 1 0 ) has to be set according to the external clock frequency. when efr is set to 9.6 khz, then the lc d frame frequency is calculated with equation 1 : (1) table 17. gpmo mode definition gpm0[1:0] to gpm5[1:0] mode description 00 [1] , 01 lcd output is an lcd segment 10 static output is static gpo 11 pwm output is pwm gpo table 18. set-mux-mode - set multiplex drive mode comman d bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 2 - 000000 fixed value 1 to 0 m[1:0] 00 [1] , 01 1:8 multiplex drive mode; eight backplanes 10 1:6 multiplex drive mode; 6 backplanes 11 1:4 multiplex drive mode; 4 backplanes table 19. set-bias-mode - set bias mode command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 2 - 000001 fixed value 1 to 0 b[1:0] 00 [1] . 01 1 4 bias 11 1 3 bias 10 1 2 bias table 20. frame-frequency-lcd - frame frequency and output clock frequency command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 5 - 001 fixed value 4 to 0 fd[4:0] see ta b l e 2 1 frequency prescaler f fr lcd ?? f clk ext ?? 48 ----------------- =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 17 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator when efr is set to 230 khz, then the lcd frame frequency is calculated with equation 2 : (2) where q is the frequency divide factor (see ta b l e 2 1 ). remark: f clk(ext) is the external input clock frequency to pin oscclk. when the internal oscillator is used, the in termediate frequency may be output on the oscclk pin. its frequency is given in ta b l e 2 1 . [1] nominal frame frequency calculated for the default clock frequency of 230 khz. [2] default value. table 21. frame frequency prescaler values for 230 khz clock operation fd[4:0] nominal lcd frame frequency (hz) [1] divide factor, q intermediate clock frequency (hz) 00000 59.9 80 2875 00001 70.5 68 3382 00010 79.9 60 3833 00011 90.4 53 4340 00100 99.8 48 4792 00101 108.9 44 5227 00110 119.8 40 5750 00111 129.5 37 6216 01000 140.9 34 6765 01001 149.7 32 7188 01010 159.7 30 7667 01011 171.1 28 8214 01100 177.5 27 8519 01101 191.7 25 9200 0 1110 [2] 199.7 24 9583 01111 208.3 23 10000 10000 217.8 22 10455 10001 228.3 21 10952 10010 239.6 20 11500 10011 252.2 19 12105 10100 266.2 18 12778 10101 281.9 17 13529 10110 299.5 16 14375 1 0111 to 11111 not used f fr lcd ?? f clk ext ?? 48 q ? ----------------- =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 18 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.10 command: frame-frequency-pwm with the frame-frequency-pwm command, the frame frequency for the pwm signal can be set. the pwm system requires a clock of 230 khz ei ther internally gene rated or externally supplied. using a slower clock may result in visible flickering of leds driven with the pwm signal. when efr is set to 230 khz, then the pwm frame frequency will be calculated with equation 3 : (3) where p is the frequency divide factor (see ta b l e 2 3 ). [1] nominal frame frequency calculated for the default clock frequency of 230 khz. [2] default value. in order to avoid flickering caused by the interaction of the backlight led and the lcd frame frequency, the pwm frame frequency should be programmed to be more than 50 hz different from lcd frame frequency or multiples of the lcd frame frequency (see figure 8 and table 49 on page 68 ). table 22. frame-frequency-pwm - pwm frame frequency command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 4 - 0100 fixed value 3 to 0 fp[3:0] see ta b l e 2 3 frequency prescaler table 23. pwm frame frequency prescaler values for 230 khz clock operation fp[3:0] nominal pwm frame frequency (hz) [1] divide factor, p 0000 59.9 30 0001 69.1 26 0010 81.7 22 0011 89.8 20 0100 99.8 18 0101 112.3 16 0110 119.8 15 0111 [2] 128.3 14 1000 138.2 13 1001 149.7 12 1010 163.4 11 1011 179.7 10 1100 199.7 9 1101 224.6 8 1110 256.7 7 1111 299.5 6 f pwm f clk ext ?? 128 p ? ----------------- =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 19 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.11 command: gpo-static-data when static gpos are selected instead of pwm, then the value for the output is taken from these register bits. the output is a static level. [1] default value. where f 0 = f pwm and f 1 = f fr(lcd) or f 1 = f pwm and f 0 = f fr(lcd) . fig 8. flicker avoidance for led backlighting intensity of visible flickering flickering is most visible when f pwm and f fr(lcd) are within 10 hz of each other flickering will not be visible when f pwm and f fr(lcd) are more than 50 hz apart flickering is also visible at multiples of the fundamental frequency; however, the visibility is lower 2f 1 f 1 this will repeat for 3 f1 , 4 f1 , etc. 013aaa449 in general, the higher the pwm frame frequency, the less flickering will be visible f 0 table 24. gpo-static-data - write gpo data for gp0 to gp5 command bit description bit symbol value description gpo0 to gpo2 7 to 3 - 01100 fixed value 2gpo2 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp2 1 1 level output on pin gp2 1gpo1 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp1 1 1 level output on pin gp1 0gpo0 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp0 1 1 level output on pin gp0 gpo3 to gpo5 7 to 3 - 01101 fixed value 2gpo5 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp5 1 1 level output on pin gp5 1gpo4 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp4 1 1 level output on pin gp4 0gpo3 0 [1] 0 level output on pin gp3 1 1 level output on pin gp3
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 20 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.12 command: load-data-pointer-lcd the load-data-pointer-lcd command defines the start address of the display ram. the data pointer is auto incremented after each ram write. the size of the display ram is dependent on the current multiplex drive mode setting, see ta b l e 2 5 . [1] default value. remark: data pointer values outs ide of the valid range will be ignored and no ram content will be transferred until a valid data pointer value is set. filling of the display ram is described in section 8.9 . 8.1.13 command: load-data-pointer-pwm the load-data-pointer-pwm command defines one of the 6 pwm addresses. [1] default value. remark: data pointer values outs ide of the valid range will be ignored and no pwm content will be transferred until a valid data pointer value is set. 8.1.14 command: write-ram-data this command will initiate the tran sfer of data to the display ra m. data will be written into the address defined by the l oad-data-pointer-lcd command. ram filling is described in section 8.9 . [1] for this command to be effective bit rs[1:0] of the control byte has to be set logic 01, see table 36 on page 46 . [2] after power-on reset (por), the ram content is random and should be brought to a defined status by writing meaningful content otherwise unexpected display content may appear. table 25. load-data-pointer-lcd - load data pointer command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 6 - 10 fixed value multiplex drive mode 1:8 5 to 0 dp[5:0] 000000 [1] to 100111 6-bit binary value of 0 to 39 multiplex drive mode 1:6 5 to 0 dp[5:0] 000000 [1] to 101001 6-bit binary value of 0 to 41 multiplex drive mode 1:4 5 to 0 dp[5:0] 000000 [1] to 101011 6-bit binary value of 0 to 43 table 26. load-data-pointer-pwm - load data pointer command bit description bit symbol value description 7 to 3 - 01110 fixed value 2 to 0 pp[2:0] 000 [1] to 101 3-bit binary value of 0 to 5 table 27. write-ram-data - write ram data command bit description [1] bit symbol value description 7 to 0 d[7:0] 00000000 to 11111111 [2] writing data byte-wise to ram
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 21 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.1.15 command: write-pwm-data this command will initiate the transfer of da ta to the pwm register s. data will be written into the address defined by the load-data-pointer-pwm comm and. pwm register filling is described in section 8.10 [1] for this command to be effective bit rs[1:0] of the control byte has to be set logic 10, see table 36 on page 46 . [2] default value. after power-on reset (por) the pwm content is set to 0. 8.2 start-up and shut-down 8.2.1 reset and power-on reset (por) after a reset and at power-on the PCF8536 resets to starting conditions as follows: 1. the display is disabled. 2. all backplane outputs are set to v ss . 3. all segment outputs are set to v ss . 4. all gpo outputs are disabled. 5. selected drive mode is: 1:8 with 1 4 bias. 6. the data pointers are cleared (set logic 0). 7. pwm values are all reset to zero. 8. ram data is not initialized. its content can be considered to be random. 9. the internal oscillator is ru nning; no clock signal is available on pin oscclk; pin oscclk is in 3-state. the reset state is as shown in ta b l e 2 9 . table 28. write-pwm-data - write pwm data command bit description [1] bit symbol value description 7 - 0 fixed value 6 to 0 p[6:0] 0000000 [2] to 1111111 writing data byte-wise to pwm registers
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 22 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator the first command sent to the device after the power-on event must be the initialize command (see section 8.1.1 ). after power-on reset (por) and before enabling the display, the ram content should be brought to a defined state by writing mean ingful content (e.g. a graphic) otherwise unwanted display artifacts may appear on the display. 8.2.2 reset pin function the reset pin of the PCF8536 will reset all the registers to their default state. the reset state is given in ta b l e 2 9 . the ram contents will remain unchanged. after the reset signal is removed, the PCF8536 will behave in t he same manner as after power-on reset (por). see section 8.2.1 for details. 8.2.3 recommended start-up sequences this chapter describes how to proceed with the initialization of the chip in different application modes. in general, the sequence should always be: 1. power-on the device, 2. set the display and functional modes, 3. fill the display memory and then 4. turn on the display. table 29. reset state reset state of configurable bits shown in the command table format for clarity. associated command bits 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 pwm-inversion pwmi = 0 mode-settings - - - - bps = 0 inv = 0 pd = 0 e = 0 oscillator-control - - - - - efr = 0 coe = 0 osc = 0 gpo-output-config - - - - gpm1[1:0] = 00 gpm0[1:0] = 00 - - - - gpm3[1:0] = 00 gpm2[1:0] = 00 - - - - gpm5[1:0] = 00 gpm4[1:0] = 00 set-mux-mode - - - - - - m[1:0] = 00 set-bias-mode - - - - - - b[1:0] = 00 frame-frequency-lcd - - - fd[4:0] = 01110 frame-frequency-pwm - - - - fp[3:0] = 0111 gpo-static-data - - - - - gpo2 = 0 gpo1 = 0 gpo0 = 0 - - - - - gpo5 = 0 gpo4 = 0 gpo3 = 0 load-data-pointer-lcd - - dp[5:0] = 000000 load-data-pointer-pwm - - - - - pp[2:0] = 000
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 23 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator (1) alternatively, it is possibl e to send the initialize command. fig 9. recommended start-up sequence when using the internal oscillator start power-on v dd and v lcd together toggle reset pin wait minimum 1 ms send otp-refresh set: - mode settings: bps and inv - lcd/gpo output mode - multiplex driver mode - bias mode - lcd frame frequency send display content enable the display stop if using gpo outputs, set - gpo data - pwm data - pwm frame frequency 013aaa452 (1)
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 24 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator (1) alternatively, it is possibl e to send the initialize command. fig 10. recommended start-up sequence wh en using an external clock signal start power-on v dd and v lcd together toggle reset pin wait minimum 1 ms send otp-refresh set: - mode settings: bps and inv - select external clock - gpo output mode - multiplex driver mode - bias mode - lcd frame frequency send display content enable the display stop if using gpo outputs, set - gpo data - pwm data - pwm frame frequency 013aaa453 external clock can be applied now external clock must be applied by now (1)
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 25 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.3 possible display configurations the PCF8536 is a versatile peripheral de vice designed to interface between any microcontroller to a wide variety of lcd segment or dot matrix displays (see figure 11 ). it can drive multiplexed lcd with 4, 6, or 8 backplanes and up to 44 segments. the display configurations possible with t he PCF8536 depend on the number of active backplane outputs required. a selection of po ssible display configurations is given in ta b l e 3 0 . [1] 7 segment display has 8 elem ents including the decimal point. [2] 14 segment display has 16 elements including decimal point and accent dot. all of the display configurations in ta b l e 3 0 can be implemented in the typical systems shown in figure 12 and figure 13 . fig 11. example of displays suitable for PCF8536 table 30. selection of display configurations number of digits/characters dot matrix/ elements backplanes segments icons 7 segment [1] 14 segment [2] no gpo or pwm outputs enabled 8 40 320 40 20 320 6 42 252 31 15 252 4 44 176 22 11 176 with 6 gpo or pwm outputs enabled 8 34 272 34 17 272 6 36 216 27 13 216 4 38 152 19 9 152 7-segment with dot 14-segment with dot and accent 013aaa312 dot matrix
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 26 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator the host microcontroller maintains the two line i 2 c-bus or a three line spi-bus communication channel with the PCF8536. t he appropriate biasing voltages for the multiplexed lcd waveforms are generated internally. the only other connections required to complete the system are the power supplies (v dd , v ss , v lcd ) and the lcd panel selected for the application. the minimum recommended values for external capacitors on v dd and v lcd are 100 nf respectively. decoupling of v lcd will help to reduce display artifacts. the decoupling capacitors should be placed close to the ic with short connection s to the respective supply pin and v ss . 8.4 lcd voltage selector the lcd voltage selector co-ordinates the mult iplexing of the lcd in accordance with the selected lcd drive configuration. the operation of the voltage selector is controlled by the set-bias-mode command (see ta b l e 1 9 ) and the set-mux-mode command (see ta b l e 1 8 ). fractional lcd biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider. the biasing configurations that apply to the preferred modes of opera tion, together with the biasing characteristics as functions of v lcd and the resulting discriminati on ratios (d), are given in ta b l e 3 1 . fig 12. typical system configuration for the i 2 c-bus fig 13. typical system configuration for the spi-bus host processor/ micro- controller r= t r 2c b sda scl 40 to 44 segment drives 4 to 8 backplanes lcd panel (up to 320 elements) PCF8536at a0 v dd v ss v ss 013aaa450 v dd host processor/ micro- controller sdi scl 40 to 44 segment drives 4 to 8 backplanes lcd panel (up to 320 elements) PCF8536bt v dd v ss v ss 013aaa451 v dd ce
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 27 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator discrimination is a term which is defined as the ratio of the on and off rms voltage across a segment. it can be thought of as a measurement of contrast. [1] determined from equation 6 . [2] determined from equation 5 . [3] in these examples, the discrimination factor and hence the contrast ratios are smaller. the advantage of these lcd drive mod es is a reduction of the lcd voltage v lcd . a practical value for v lcd is determined by equating v off(rms) with a defined lcd threshold voltage (v th(off) ), typically when the lcd exhibi ts approximately 10 % contrast. bias is calculated by , where the values for a are a = 1 for 1 2 bias a = 2 for 1 3 bias a = 3 for 1 4 bias the rms on-state voltage (v on(rms) ) for the lcd is calculated with equation 4 (4) where v lcd is the resultant voltage at the lcd segment and where the values for n are n = 4 for 1:4 multiplex drive n = 6 for 1:6 multiplex drive n = 8 for 1:8 multiplex drive the rms off-state voltage (v off(rms) ) for the lcd is calculated with equation 5 : (5) discrimination is the ratio of v on(rms) to v off(rms) and is determined from equation 6 : table 31. preferred lcd drive mode s: summary of characteristics lcd multiplex drive mode number of: lcd bias configuration [1] v lcd [2] backplanes levels 1:4 [3] 43 1 2 0.433 0.661 1.527 2.309v off(rms) 1:4 4 4 1 3 0.333 0.577 1.732 3.0v off(rms) 1:4 [3] 45 1 4 0.331 0.545 1.646 3.024v off(rms) 1:6 [3] 63 1 2 0.456 0.612 1.341 2.191v off(rms) 1:6 6 4 1 3 0.333 0.509 1.527 3.0v off(rms) 1:6 6 5 1 4 0.306 0.467 1.527 3.266v off(rms) 1:8 [3] 83 1 2 0.467 0.586 1.254 2.138v off(rms) 1:8 [3] 84 1 3 0.333 0.471 1.414 3.0v off(rms) 1:8 8 5 1 4 0.293 0.424 1.447 3.411v off(rms) v off rms ?? v lcd ---------------------- - v on rms ?? v lcd ---------------------- d v on rms ?? v off rms ?? ---------------------- - = 1 1a + ------------ - v on rms ?? a 2 2a n ++ n 1a + ?? ? ----------------------------- - v lcd = v off rms ?? a 2 2a ? n + n 1a + ?? ? ----------------------------- - v lcd =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 28 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator (6) it should be noted that v lcd is sometimes referred to as the lcd operating voltage. 8.4.1 electro-optical performance suitable values for v on(rms) and v off(rms) are dependent on the lcd liquid used. the rms voltage, at which a pixel will be switched on or off, determine the transmissibility of the pixel. for any given liquid, there are two threshold values defined. one point is at 10 % relative transmission (at v th(off) ) and the other at 90 % relative transmission (at v th(on) ), see figure 14 . for a good contrast performance, the following rules should be followed: (7) (8) v on(rms) and v off(rms) are properties of the display driver and are affected by the selection of a, n (see equation 4 to equation 6 ) and the v lcd voltage. v th(off) and v th(on) are properties of the lcd liquid and can be provided by the module manufacturer. v th(off) is sometimes just named v th . v th(on) is sometimes named saturation voltage v sat . it is important to match the module properties to those of the driver in order to achieve optimum performance. d v on rms ?? v off rms ?? ---------------------- - a 2 2a n ++ a 2 2a ? n + --------------------------- == fig 14. electro-optical characteristic: relative transmission curve of the liquid v on rms ?? v th on ?? ? v off rms ?? v th off ?? ? v rms [v] 100 % 90 % 10 % off segment grey segment on segment v th(off) v th(on) relative transmission 013aaa494
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 29 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.5 lcd drive mode waveforms 8.5.1 1:4 multiplex drive mode when four backplanes are provided in the lcd, the 1:4 multiplex drive mode applies, as shown in figure 15 . this drawing is also showing the case of line inversion (see section 8.1.4.2 ). v state1 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp0 (t). v state2 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp1 (t). v on(rms) (t) = 0.577v lcd . v off(rms) (t) = 0.333v lcd . fig 15. waveforms for the 1:4 multiplex drive mode with 1 3 bias and line inversion 013aaa211 state 1 bp0 (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 2 bp1 state 1 state 2 bp2 (a) waveforms at driver. bp3 sn sn+1 sn+2 sn+3 t fr v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 0 v v lcd 2v lcd /3 -2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 -v lcd /3 -v lcd 0 v v lcd 2v lcd /3 -2v lcd /3 v lcd /3 -v lcd /3 -v lcd v ss v lcd 2v lcd /3 v lcd /3
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 30 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.5.2 1:6 multiplex drive mode when six backplanes are provided in the lcd, the 1:6 multiplex driv e mode applies. the PCF8536 allows use of 1 3 bias or 1 4 bias in this mode as shown in figure 16 and figure 17 . these waveforms are drawn for the case of line inversion (see section 8.1.4.2 ). v state1 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp0 (t). v state2 (t) = v sn +1 (t) ? v bp0 (t). v on(rms) (t) = 0.509v lcd . v off(rms) (t) = 0.333v lcd . fig 16. waveforms for 1:6 multiplex drive mode with bias 1 3 and line inversion 001aal399 state 1 state 2 lcd segments t fr v lcd bp0 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd bp1 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd bp2 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd bp3 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd bp4 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd bp5 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd sn (a) waveforms at driver (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd sn + 1 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd state 1 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd state 2 -v lcd 2v lcd / 3 -2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 -v lcd / 3 -v lcd -2v lcd / 3 -v lcd / 3 v ss
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 31 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator v state1 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp0 (t). v state2 (t) = v sn + 1 (t) ? v bp0 (t). v on(rms) (t) = 0.467v lcd . v off(rms) (t) = 0.306v lcd . fig 17. waveforms for 1:6 multiplex drive mode with bias 1 4 and line inversion 001aal400 state 1 state 2 lcd segments v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp0 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp1 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp2 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp3 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp4 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 v ss bp5 v lcd -v lcd 3v lcd / 4 -3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 -v lcd / 4 v lcd / 2 -v lcd / 2 v ss v lcd v lcd / 2 v ss v lcd v lcd / 2 v ss state 2 v lcd -v lcd 3v lcd / 4 -3v lcd / 4 v lcd / 4 -v lcd / 4 v ss state 1 sn + 1 sn t fr (a) waveforms at driver (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 32 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.5.3 1:8 multiplex drive mode v state1 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp0 (t). v state2 (t) = v sn + 1 (t) ? v bp0 (t). v on(rms) (t) = 0.424v lcd . v off(rms) (t) = 0.293v lcd . fig 18. waveforms for 1:8 multiplex drive mode with bias 1 4 and line inversion 001aal398 bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp4 bp5 bp6 bp7 sn sn + 1 state 1 state 2 v lcd 3v lcd / 4 state 1 state 2 lcd segments -v lcd v lcd / 2 v lcd / 4 v ss -v lcd / 4 -v lcd / 2 -3v lcd / 4 -v lcd -3v lcd / 4 -v lcd / 4 v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 2 v lcd v ss v lcd / 2 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss 3 lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd v ss v lcd / 4 3v lcd / 4 v lcd t fr (a) waveforms at driver (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 33 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator v state1 (t) = v sn (t) ? v bp0 (t). v state2 (t) = v sn + 1 (t) ? v bp0 (t). v on(rms) (t) = 0.424v lcd . v off(rms) (t) = 0.293v lcd . fig 19. waveforms for 1:8 multiplex drive mode with bias 1 4 and frame inversion 001aam359 bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp4 bp5 bp6 bp7 sn sn + 1 state 1 state 2 state 1 t fr t fr frame n frame n+1 state 2 lcd segments v lcd 3/4 v lcd 1/4 v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd 1/2 v lcd 1/2 v lcd v lcd v lcd 3/4 v lcd 1/4 v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd 1/2 v lcd 1/2 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/2 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/2 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd v ss 1/4 v lcd 3/4 v lcd v lcd (a) waveforms at driver (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 34 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.6 display register the display register holds the display data while the corresponding multiplex signals are generated. 8.7 backplane outputs the lcd drive section includes eight back plane outputs: bp0 to bp7. the backplane output signals are generated based on t he selected lcd mult iplex drive mode. ? in 1:8 multiplex drive mode: bp0 to bp7 must be connected directly to the lcd. ? in 1:6 multiplex drive mode: bp0 to bp5 must be connected directly to the lcd. ? in 1:4 multiplex drive mode: bp0 to bp3 must be connected directly to the lcd. 8.8 segment outputs the lcd drive section includes up to 44 segment outputs (s0 to s43) which must be connected directly to the lcd. the segment output signals are generated based on the multiplexed backpla ne signals and with data resident in the display register. when less segment outputs are required, the unused se gment outputs must be left open-circuit. the number of available segments depends on the multiplex drive mode selected and the number of gpos used. the table shows consec utive gpos selected, but this is just for simplicity of explanation. any combination of gpos may be used. table 32. backplane and active segment combinations basic examples. gpo pins may be configured in any combinat ion. other lcd segment and gpo combinations are possible. multiplex drive mode active bps active gpos none gp0 only gp0 to gp1 gp0 to gp2 gp0 to gp3 gp0 to gp4 gp0 to gp5 1:8 bp0 to bp7 s0 to s39 s1 to s39 s2 to s39 s3 to s39 s4 to s39 s5 to s39 s6 to s39 1:6 bp0 to bp5 s0 to s41 s1 to s41 s2 to s41 s3 to s41 s4 to s41 s5 to s41 s6 to s41 1:4 bp0 to bp3 s0 to s43 s1 to s43 s2 to s43 s3 to s43 s4 to s43 s5 to s43 s6 to s43
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 35 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.9 display ram the display ram stores the lcd data. depe nding on the multiplex drive mode, the arrangement of the ram is changed. ? multiplex drive 1:8: ram is 40 ? 8 bit ? multiplex drive 1:6: ram is 42 ? 6 bit ? multiplex drive 1:4: ram is 44 ? 4 bit logic 1 in the ram bit map indicates the on-state (v on(rms) ) of the corresponding lcd element; similarly, logic 0 indicates the off-state (v off(rms) ). for more information on v on(rms) and v off(rms) , see section 8.4 . there is a one-to-one correspondence between ? the bits in the ram bitmap and the lcd elements, the display ram bitmap shows the direct relationship between the display ram column and the segment outputs and between the bits in a ram row and the backplane outputs. fig 20. display ram bitmap display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) display ram bits (rows)/backplane outputs (bp) 013aaa454 bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp4 bp5 bp6 bp7 s0 s1 s2 s3 s4 s35 s36 s37 s38 s39 multiplex 1:8 drive mode multiplex 1:6 drive mode multiplex 1:4 drive mode s0 s1 s2 s3 s4 s35 s36 s37 s38 s39 s40 s41 bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp4 bp5 bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 s0 s1 s2 s3 s4 s35 s36 s37 s38 s39 s40 s41 s42 s43
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 36 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator ? the ram columns and the segment outputs, ? the ram rows and the backplane outputs. the display ram bit map, figure 20 , shows row 0 to row 7 which correspond with the backplane outputs bp0 to bp7, and column 0 to column 43 which correspond with the segment outputs s0 to s43. in multiplexed lcd applications, the data of each row of the display ram is time-multiplexed with the corresponding backplane (row 0 with bp0, row 1 with bp1, and so on). when display data is transmitted to the PCF8536, the display bytes received are stored in the display ram in accordance with the select ed lcd multiplex drive mode. the data is stored as it arrives and depending on the current multiplex drive mode, data is stored in quadruples, sextuples or bytes. 8.9.1 data pointer (lcd part) the addressing mechanism for the display ra m is realized using the data pointer. this allows the loading of an individual display data byte, or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display ram. the sequen ce commences with the initialization of the data pointer by the load-data-pointer-lcd command (see ta b l e 2 5 ). following this command, an arriving data byte is stored starting at the display ram address indicated by the data pointer. the data pointer is automatically increm ented in accordance with the chosen lcd multiplex drive mode configuration. that is, af ter each byte is stored, the contents of the data pointer are incremented ? by two (1:4 multiplex drive mode), ? by one or two (1:6 multiplex drive mode), ? by one (1:8 multiplex drive mode). multiplex drive 1:6 is a specia l case and is described later on. when the address counter reaches the end of th e ram, it stops incrementing after the last byte is transmitted. redundant bits of the la st byte and subsequent bytes transmitted are discarded until the pointer is reset. to send new ram data, the data pointer must be reset. if an i 2 c-bus or spi-bus data access is terminated early then the state of the data pointer is unknown. the data pointer must then be re-written prior to further ram accesses.
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 37 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.9.2 ram filling in 1:4 multiplex drive mode in the 1:4 multiplex drive mode the ram is or ganized in four rows and 44 columns. the eight transmitted data bits are placed in two successive display ram columns of four rows (see figure 21 ). in order to fill the whole four ram rows, 22 bytes need to be sent to the PCF8536. after the last byte sent, the data pointer must be reset before the next ram content update. additional data bytes sent and any data bits that spill over the ram will be discarded. depending on the start address of the data pointer, there is the possibility for a boundary condition. this will occur when more data bits are sent than fit into the remaining ram. the additional data bits are discarded. see figure 22 . fig 21. display ram filling orde r in 1:4 multiplex drive mode fig 22. boundary condition in 1:4 multiplex drive mode 012 34 56 7 3940414243 b0b1b2b3b4b5b6b7 0 msb lsb 1 2 3 transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) columns display ram bits (rows)/ backplane outputs (bp) rows 013aaa455 012 34 56 7 3940414243 b0b1b2b3b4 b5 b6b7 0 msb lsb 1 2 3 transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 013aaa456 discarded display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) columns display ram bits (rows)/ backplane outputs (bp) rows
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 38 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.9.3 ram filling in 1:6 multiplex drive mode in the 1:6 multiplex drive mode the ram is organized in six rows and 42 columns. the eight transmitted data bits are placed in su ch a way, that a colu mn is filled up (see figure 23 ). the remaining bits are wrapped over into the next column. in order to fill the whole ram, 31 and a half bytes need to be sent to th e PCF8536. after the last byte sent, the data pointer must be reset before the next ram co ntent update. additional data bytes sent and any data bits that sp ill over the ram will be discarded. de pending on the st art address of the data pointer, there are three possible boundary conditions. see figure 24 . fig 23. display ram filling orde r in 1:6 multiplex drive mode 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 37 38 39 40 41 a0a1a2 a3 a4 a5a6a7 0 msb lsb 1 2 3 4 5 transmitted data bytes a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 b0b1b2 b3 b4 b5b6 c0c1c2c3c4c5c6 b7 c7 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) columns display ram bits (rows)/ backplane outputs (bp) rows 013aaa457
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 39 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator fig 24. boundary condition in 1:6 multiplex drive mode b0b1 b2 b3b4b5b6 b7 msb lsb transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 discarded display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) columns display ram bits (rows)/backplane outputs (bp) rows 012 34 56 7 3738394041 0 1 2 3 4 5 b3 b2 b0b1 b2 b3b4b5b6 b7 msb lsb transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 discarded 012 34 56 7 3738394041 0 1 2 3 4 5 b0b1 b2 b3b4b5b6 b7 msb lsb transmitted data byte b7 b6 discarded 012 34 56 7 3738394041 0 1 2 3 4 5 013aaa458
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 40 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.9.4 ram filling in 1:8 multiplex drive mode in the 1:8 multiplex drive mode the ram is organized in eight rows and 40 columns. the eight transmitted data bits are placed into eight rows of one display ram column (see figure 25 ). in order to fill the whole ram, 40 byte s need to be sent to the PCF8536. after the last byte sent, the data pointer must be reset before the next ram content update. additional data bytes sent will be discarded. there are no boundary conditions in 1:8 multiplex drive mode. 8.10 pwm registers and data pointer (pwm part) there are six pwm generators which can be independently configured. the values used to define the pwm output are stored here. the addressing mechanism for the pwm register is realized using the pwm data pointer. this allows the loading of an i ndividual pwm data byte, or a series of data bytes, into any location of the pwm registers. the sequence commences with the initia lization of the data pointer by the load-data-pointer-pwm command (see table 26 ). following this command, an arriving data byte is stored starting at the pwm register address indicated by the pwm data pointer. the data pointer is automatically incremented. that is, after each byte is stored, the contents of the data pointer are incremented. the data pointer will wrap ar ound continuously as long as data is transmitted. fig 25. display ram filling orde r in 1:8 multiplex drive mode 01234567 3536373839 b0b1b2b3b4b5 b6 b7 0 msb lsb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 display ram columns/segment outputs (s) columns display ram rows/ backplane outputs (bp) rows 013aaa459
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 41 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.11 gpo output the PCF8536 contains six independently co nfigured gpo pins (gp0 to gp5). these outputs, when enabled, will replace the function of the corresponding lcd segment outputs. each gpo output can supply either a logic 1, a logic 0, or a pwm signal. the pwm signal can be used to control the brightness of an led. the pwm generator has 128 possible levels a llowing for an output with a variable duty cycle between 0 % and 99.7 %. 100 % can on ly be achieved by a static 1 output. the period of the pwm frame frequency described in section 8.1.10 is divided into 128 time slots. the value in the pwm regist er determines for how many of these time slots the pwm output is at logic 1. pwm duty cycle may be calculated by: (9) fig 26. pwm register filling 01234567 3536373839 b0b1b2b3b4b5 b6 b7 0 msb lsb 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 transmitted data byte b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 display ram columns/segment outputs (s) columns display ram rows/ backplane outputs (bp) rows 013aaa460 table 33. pwm generator pwm register value percentage of on time (%) time slots at 1 time slots at 0 0001 2 8 10 . 7 811 2 7 21 . 5 621 2 6 :::: 126 98.4 126 2 127 99.2 127 1 dutycycle pwmvalue 128 ---------------------------- - 100 ? =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 42 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator an example of the pwm waveforms is given in figure 28 . there are six independently configured gpo outputs. fig 27. general-purpose output block diagram 001aan567 pwm generator channel 0 0 s0/gp0 gp0 gp0m[1:0] segment 0 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 0 pwmi 230 khz pwm generator channel 1 0 s1/gp1 gp1 gp1m[1:0] segment 1 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 1 230 khz pwm generator channel 2 0 s2/gp2 gp2 gp2m[1:0] segment 2 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 2 230 khz pwm generator channel 3 0 s3/gp3 gp3 gp3m[1:0] segment 3 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 3 230 khz pwm generator channel 4 0 s4/gp4 gp4 gp4m[1:0] segment 4 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 4 230 khz pwm generator channel 5 0 s5/gp5 gp5 gp5m[1:0] segment 5 lcd data 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 pwm value 5 230 khz
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 43 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.11.1 rgb color driving there are six pwm channels that can be arranged as two rgb channels. there are no explicit settings for this feature, only ways of utilizing the pwm channels. ta b l e 3 4 gives an example of how two rgb clusters can be configured. figure 29 gives an example of how two rgb clusters can be connected. fig 28. pwm example waveforms for pwmi = 0 001aan569 f pwm pwm register 0 = 0 0.00 % 0.78 % 24.96 % 49.92 % 74.88 % 99.20 % pwm register 1 = 1 pwm register 2 = 32 pwm register 3 = 64 pwm register 4 = 96 pwm register 5 = 127 1 t = 128 x f pwm table 34. combining pwm channels for rgb rgb cluster pwm channel component color 00red 1 green 2blue 13red 4 green 5blue
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 44 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator ta b l e 3 5 gives some examples of programming values for the pwm channels in order to achieve the given colors. by using three pwm channels for one rgb cluster it is possible to generate two million colors. there are six independently configured gpo outputs. fig 29. configuration for two rgb clusters table 35. example pwm values pwm channel component color pwm channel value resultant color 0 red 127 yellow 1 green 127 2blue0 3 red 127 orange 4 green 82 5blue0 0red0aqua 1 green 127 2blue127 3 red 127 gold 4 green 108 5blue0 001aan568 r cluster 0 cluster 1 led supply voltage s0/gp0 s1/gp1 s2/gp2 s3/gp3 s4/gp4 s5/gp5 g b r g b
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 45 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 8.11.2 pwm inversion mode the pwm inversion mode can be enabled by setting the pwmi bit to logic 1 (see table 7 on page 8 ). the pwmi mode will invert the pwm waveform. by default, all pwm outputs will switch high at the same time. if the pwm output is used to drive external leds then this could cause a voltage dip on the power supply of the leds. with the pwmi mode, it is possible to prevent multiple outputs switching high at the same time by ensuring that the pwm values are not identical. in the example in figure 30 , none of the six pwm outputs switch high together. all pwm channels instead switch off together; however this will not cause any power supply disturbances. when pwm inversion mode is used, the pwm duty cycle can be calculated with: (10) fig 30. pwm example waveforms for pwmi = 1 001aan570 f pwm pwm register 0 = 0 100.00 % 99.20 % 75.00 % 50.00 % 25.00 % 0.78 % pwm register 1 = 1 pwm register 2 = 32 pwm register 3 = 64 pwm register 4 = 96 pwm register 5 = 127 1 t = 128 x f pwm dutycycle 128 pwmvalue ? 128 ------------------------------------------- - 100 ? =
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 46 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9. bus interfaces 9.1 control byte and register selection after initiating the communication over the bus and sending the slave address (i 2 c-bus, see section 9.2 ) or subaddress (spi-bus, see section 9.3 ), a control byte follows. the purpose of this byte is to indicate both, the content for the following data bytes (ram, command, or pwm data) and to indicate that more cont rol bytes will follow. typical sequences could be: ? slave address/subaddress - control byte - command byte - command byte - command byte - end ? slave address/subaddress - control byte - ram byte - ram byte - ram byte - end ? slave address/subaddress - control byte - command byte - control byte - ram byte - end in this way, it is possible to send a mi xture of ram, pwm and command data in one access or alternatively, to send just one type of data in one access. 9.2 i 2 c-bus interface the i 2 c-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ics or modules. the two lines are a serial data line (sda) and a serial clock line (scl). both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. table 36. control byte description bit symbol value description 7co continue bit 0 last control byte 1 control bytes continue 6 to 5 rs[1:0] register selection 00 command register 01 ram data 10 pwm data 11 unused 4 to 0 - - unused fig 31. control byte format 013aaa461 not relevant co 76543210 rs[1:0] msb lsb
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 47 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9.2.1 bit transfer one data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. the data on the sda line must remain stable during the high period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal (see figure 32 ). 9.2.2 start and stop conditions both data and clock lines remain high when the bus is not busy. a high-to-low change of the data line, while the clock is high, is defined as the start condition (s). a low-to-high change of the data line, while the clock is high, is defined as the stop condition (p). the start and stop conditions are shown in figure 33 . 9.2.3 system configuration a device generating a message is a transmitter, a device receiving a message is the receiver. the device that controls the message is the master and the devices which are controlled by the master are the slaves. the system configuration is shown in figure 34 . fig 32. bit transfer mba607 data line stable; data valid change of data allowed sda scl fig 33. definition of start and stop conditions mbc622 sda scl p stop condition sda scl s start condition fig 34. system configuration mga807 sda scl master transmitter/ receiver master transmitter slave transmitter/ receiver slave receiver master transmitter/ receiver
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 48 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9.2.4 acknowledge the number of data bytes transferred between the start and stop conditions from transmitter to receiver is un limited. each byte of 8 bits is followed by an acknowledge cycle. ? a slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. ? also a master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. ? the device that acknowledges must pull-down the sda line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the sda line is st able low during the high period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be considered). ? a master receiver must signal an end of da ta to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been cl ocked out of the slave. in this event, the transmitter must leave the data line high to enable the master to generate a stop condition. acknowledgement on the i 2 c-bus is shown in figure 35 . 9.2.5 i 2 c-bus controller the PCF8536 acts as an i 2 c-bus slave receiver. it does not initiate i 2 c-bus transfers or transmit data to an i 2 c-bus master receiver. device selection depends on the i 2 c-bus slave address. 9.2.6 input filters to enhance noise immunity in electrically ad verse environments, rc low-pass filters are provided on the sda and scl lines. fig 35. acknowledgement on the i 2 c-bus mbc602 s start condition 9 8 2 1 clock pulse for acknowledgement not acknowledge acknowledge data output by transmitter data output by receiver scl from master
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 49 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9.2.7 i 2 c-bus slave address device selection depends on the i 2 c-bus slave address. two different i 2 c-bus slave addresses can be used to address the PCF8536 (see ta b l e 3 7 ). the least significant bit of the slave address byte is bit r/w . bit 1 of the slave address is defined by connecting th e input a0 to either v ss (logic 0) or v dd (logic 1). therefore, two instances of PCF8536 can be distinguished on the same i 2 c-bus. 9.2.8 i 2 c-bus protocol the i 2 c-bus protocol is shown in figure 36 . the sequence is initiated with a start condition (s) from the i 2 c-bus master which is followed by one of the two PCF8536 slave addresses available. all PCF8536 with the corresponding a0 level acknowledge in parallel to the slave address, but any PCF8536 with the alternative a0 level ignore the whole i 2 c-bus transfer. after acknowledgement, a co ntrol byte follows (see section 9.1 on page 46 ). the display bytes are stored in the display ra m at the address specified by the ram data pointer and pwm data is stored at the address pointed to by the pwm data pointer. the acknowledgement after each byte is made only by the addressed PCF8536. after the last data byte, the i 2 c-bus master issues a stop condition (p). alternatively a start may be issued to restart an i 2 c-bus access. table 37. i 2 c slave address slave address bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 msb lsb 011100a0r/w fig 36. i 2 c-bus protocol write mode examples a) transmit two byte of ram data 013aaa462 a 0 s01110 0 control byte slave address ram/command byte ram data m s b l s b aa p r/w = 0 s01110 0 0 1 a aa p a b) transmit two command bytes command s01110 0 10 aa a p command a a c) transmit one command byte and two ram date bytes command s01110 0 10 00 00 aa a p a a a c o r s 1 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 a 1 r s 0 0 00 0 1 ram data ram data ram data
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 50 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9.2.8.1 status read out status read out for i 2 c-bus operation only. this command will initiate the read out of a fixed value plus the slave ad dress bit a0 from the PCF8536. this read out function will allow the i 2 c master to confirm the existence of the device on the i 2 c-bus. if a readout is made, the r/w bit must be logic 1 and then the next data byte following is provided by the PCF8536 as shown in figure 37 . in the unlikely case that the chip has entered the internal test mode, detection of this state is possible by using the modified status read out detailed in ta b l e 3 9 . the read out value is modified to indicate that the chip has entered an internal test mode. emc detection: the PCF8536 is ru ggedized against emc susceptibility; however it is not possible to cover all cases. to detect if a severe emc event has occurred, it is possible to check the responsiveness of the device by reading its register. table 38. status read out value bit symbol value description 7 to 1 - 0101010 fixed value 0 a0 0 read back value is 01010100 1 read back value is 01010101 (1) from PCF8536. fig 37. i 2 c-bus protocol read mode table 39. modified status read out value bit symbol value description 7 to 1 - 1111000 fixed value 0 a0 0 read back value is 1111 0000 1 read back value is 1111 0001 013aaa463 a 0 s01110 1 slave address readout byte a p r/w = 1 a acknowledge acknowledge from master 0 0000 111 a 0 (1)
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 51 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 9.3 spi-bus interface data transfer to the device is made via a 3 line spi-bus (see ta b l e 4 0 ). there is no output data line. the spi-bus is initialized whenever the chip enable line pin ce is inactive. [1] the chip enable must not be wired permanently low. 9.3.1 data transmission the chip enable signal is used to identify th e transmitted data. each data transfer is a byte with the most significant bit (msb) sent first. the transmission is controlled by the active low chip enable signal ce . the first byte transmitted is the subaddress byte. the subaddress byte opens the communication with a read/write bit and a subaddress. the subaddress is used to identify multiple devices on one spi-bus. after the subaddress byte, a control byte follows (see section 9.1 on page 46 ). table 40. serial interface symbol function description ce chip enable input [1] ; active low when high, the interface is reset scl serial clock input input may be higher than v dd sdi serial data input input may be higher than v dd ; input data is sampled on the rising edge of scl fig 38. data transfer overview table 41. subaddress byte definition bit symbol value description 7r/w data read or write selection 0 write data 1 read data 6to5 sa 01 subaddress ; other codes will cause the device to ignore data transfer 4 to 0 - unused 013aaa464 data bus ce subaddress data data data
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 52 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator data transfers are terminated by de-asserting ce (set ce to logic 1). fig 39. spi-bus write example examples a) transmit two bytes of display ram data 013aaa465 001 control byte subaddress ram/command byte ram data m s b l s b r/w = 0 001 0 1 b) transmit two command bytes command 001 10 command c) transmit one command byte and two display ram date bytes 00 c o r s 1 r s 0 0 00 command 001 10 00 01 ram data ram data ram data in this example, the bias system is set to 1 3 . the transfer is terminated by ce returning to logic 1. after the last bit is transmitted, the state of the sdi line is not important. fig 40. spi-bus example 013aaa466 command byte bias sytem = 1/3 b[1:0] = 11 unused r/w sa scl sdi ce b7 1 b6 0 b5 1 b4 0 b3 0 b2 0 b1 0 b0 0 b7 0 b6 0 b5 0 b4 0 b3 0 b2 0 b1 0 b0 0 b7 0 b6 0 b5 0 b4 0 b3 0 b2 1 b1 1 b0 1
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 53 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 10. internal circuitry fig 41. device protection diagram for PCF8536at fig 42. device protection diagram for PCF8536bt a0, reset, oscclk v dd v ss 013aaa472 bp0 to bp7, s0/gp0 to s5/gp5 s6 to s39 v lcd v ss v lcd , v dd , scl, sda v ss ce, reset, oscclk v dd v ss bp0 to bp7, s0/gp0 to s5/gp5 s6 to s39 v lcd v ss sdi, scl v lcd , v dd v ss 013aaa473
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 54 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 11. limiting values [1] pass level; human body model (hbm), according to ref. 5 ? jesd22-a114 ? . [2] pass level; charge device model (cdm), according to ref. 6 ? jesd22-c101 ? . [3] pass level; latch-up testing according to ref. 7 ? jesd78 ? at maximum ambient temperature (t amb(max) ). [4] according to the nxp store and transport requirements (see ref. 9 ? nx3-00092 ? ) the devices have to be stored at a temperature of +8 ? c to +45 ? c and a humidity of 25 % to 75 %. for long-term storage produc ts deviant conditions are des cribed in that document. caution static voltages across the liquid crystal display can build up when the lcd supply voltage (v lcd ) is on while the ic supply voltage (v dd ) is off, or vice versa. this may cause unwanted display artifacts. to av oid such artifacts, v lcd and v dd must be applied or removed together. table 42. limiting values in accordance with the absolute ma ximum rating system (iec 60134). symbol parameter conditions min max unit v dd supply voltage ? 0.5 +6.5 v i dd supply current ? 50 +50 ma v lcd lcd supply voltage ? 0.5 +10 v i dd(lcd) lcd supply current ? 50 +50 ma v i input voltage PCF8536at on pins sda, oscclk, scl, a0, reset ? 0.5 +6.5 v PCF8536bt on pins ce , oscclk, scl, sdi, reset ? 0.5 +6.5 v i i input current ? 10 +10 ma v o output voltage on pins s0/gp0 to s5/gp5, s6 to s39, bp0 to bp7 ? 0.5 +10 v on pin sda ? 0.5 +6.5 v i o output current ? 10 +10 ma i ss ground supply current ? 50 +50 ma p tot total power dissipation - 400 mw p/out power dissipation per output - 100 mw v esd electrostatic discharge voltage hbm [1] - ? 3500 v cdm [2] - ? 1250 v i lu latch-up current [3] -2 0 0m a t stg storage temperature [4] ? 65 +150 ?c t amb ambient temperature operating device ? 40 +85 ?c
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 55 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 12. static characteristics table 43. static characteristics v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 9.0 v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c; unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit supplies v dd supply voltage 1.8 - 5.5 v v lcd lcd supply voltage v lcd ? v dd 2.5- 9.0v i dd(pd) power-down mode supply current [1] -0 . 52 ? a i dd supply current see figure 43 external 9.6 khz clock [2] -1 02 5 ? a external 230 khz clock with pwm [3] -2 04 0 ? a internal oscillator [2] -3 06 0 ? a internal oscillator with pwm [3] -6 01 3 0 ? a i dd(lcd) lcd supply current power-down, see figure 44 [1] [4] -71 5 ? a display active, see figure 45 [5] -5 51 4 0 ? a logic v i input voltage v ss ? 0.5 - v dd + 0.5 v v il low-level input voltage on pins oscclk, a0 and reset - - 0.3v dd v v ih high-level input voltage on pins oscclk, a0 and reset 0.7v dd --v v o output voltage ? 0.5 - v dd + 0.5 v v oh high-level output voltage driving load of 50 ? a on pins oscclk and gp0 to gp5 0.8v dd --v v ol low-level output voltage driving load of 50 ? a on pins oscclk and gp0 to gp5 - - 0.2v dd v i oh high-level output current output source current; v oh =v dd ? 0.4 v on pin oscclk v dd = 1.8 v 0.7 1.6 - ma v dd ? 3.3 v 1.5 4.0 - ma on pins gp0 to gp5 v dd = 1.8 v; v lcd = 2.5 v 0.7 1.1 - ma v dd = 3.3 v; v lcd ? 5.5 v 1.5 2.8 - ma
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 56 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator i ol low-level output current output sink current; v ol =0.4v on pin oscclk v dd =1.8v 3 4 - ma v dd ? 3.3 v 5 10 - ma on pins gp0 to gp5 v dd = 1.8 v; v lcd = 2.5 v 0.7 1.1 - ma v dd = 3.3 v; v lcd ? 5.5 v 1.5 2.4 - ma i l leakage current v i =v dd or v ss ; on pin oscclk and gp0 to gp5 ? 1- +1 ? a i 2 c-bus [6] on pins scl and sda v i input voltage v ss ? 0.5 - 5.5 v v il low-level input voltage - - 0.3v dd v v ih high-level input voltage 0.7v dd --v v o output voltage ? 0.5 - +5.5 v i l leakage current v i =v dd or v ss ? 1- +1 ? a on pin sda i ol low-level output current output sink current v dd =1.8v 3 5.5 - ma v dd =3.3v 5 9 - ma spi-bus v i input voltage on pin scl v ss ? 0.5 - 5.5 v on pins ce and sdi v ss ? 0.5 - v dd + 0.5 v on pins scl, ce and sdi v il low-level input voltage - - 0.3v dd v v ih high-level input voltage 0.7v dd --v i l leakage current v i =v dd or v ss ? 1- +1 ? a table 43. static characteristics ?continued v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 9.0 v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c; unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 57 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator [1] power-down mode is enabled; i 2 c-bus or spi-bus inactive. [2] 1:8 multiplex drive mode; 1 4 bias; display enabled; lcd outputs are open circuit; ram is all written with logic 1; inputs at v ss or v dd ; default display prescale factor; i 2 c-bus or spi-bus inactive. [3] 1:8 multiplex drive mode; 1 4 bias; display enabled; lcd outputs are open circuit; ram is all written with logic 1; inputs at v ss or v dd ; default display prescale factor; i 2 c-bus or spi-bus inactive; six pwm channels active at 50 % duty. [4] strongly linked to v lcd voltage. see figure 44 . [5] 1:8 multiplex drive mode; 1 4 bias; display enabled; lcd outputs are open circuit; ram is all written with logic 1; default display prescale factor. [6] the i 2 c-bus interface of PCF8536 is 5 v tolerant. [7] variation between any two backplanes on a given voltage level; static measured. [8] variation between any two segments on a given voltage level; static measured. [9] outputs measured one at a time. lcd outputs ? v o output voltage variation on pins bp0 to bp7 [7] -2 . 5+ 1 0m v on pins s0 to s43 [8] -2 . 5+ 1 0m v r o output resistance v lcd = 7 v; on pins bp0 to bp7 [9] -0 . 95 . 0k ? v lcd = 7 v; on pins s0 to s43 [9] -1 . 56 . 0k ? table 43. static characteristics ?continued v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 9.0 v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c; unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit 1:8 multiplex drive mode; 1 4 bias; internal oscillator; disp lay enabled; lcd outputs are open circuit; ram is all written with logic 1; inputs at v ss or v dd ; default display prescale factor; i 2 c-bus or spi-bus inactive. typical is defined at v dd = 3.3 v, 25 ? c. fig 43. typical i dd with respect to temperature 013aaa503 t amb (oc) -45 95 60 25 -10 20 40 60 i dd (a) 0
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 58 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator power-down mode is enabled; i 2 c-bus or spi-bus inactive. typical is defined at 25 ? c. fig 44. typical i dd(lcd) in power-down mode with respect to temperature 1:8 multiplex drive mode; 1 4 bias; display enabled; lcd outputs are open circuit; ram is all written with logic 1; default display prescale factor. typical is defined at 25 ? c. fig 45. typical i dd(lcd) when display is active with respect to temperature 013aaa505 t amb (oc) -45 95 60 25 -10 5 10 15 i dd(lcd) (a) 0 v lcd = 9.0 v v lcd = 5.5 v 013aaa507 t amb (oc) -45 95 60 25 -10 40 80 120 i dd(lcd) (a) 0 v lcd = 5.5 v v lcd = 9.0 v
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 59 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 13. dynamic characteristics [1] frequency present on oscclk with def ault display frequency division factor. table 44. dynamic characteristics v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 9.0 v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c; unless otherwise specified. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit f clk clock frequency output on pin oscclk; v dd =3.3v [1] 7800 9600 11040 hz f clk(ext) external clock frequency efr = 0 - - 250000 hz t (reset_n) reset_n pulse width low time 400 - - ns external clock source used on pin oscclk t clk(h) clock high time 33 - - ? s t clk(l) clock low time 33 - - ? s (1) ?40 ? c. (2) 25 ? c. (3) 85 ? c. fig 46. typical clock frequency with respect to v dd and temperature external clock source used on pin oscclk. fig 47. driver timing waveforms v dd (v) 1 7 5 3 013aaa501 5 10 15 f clk (khz) 0 (1) (2) (3) 013aaa474 oscclk t clk(h) t clk(l) 1/f clk(ext) 0.7v dd 0.3v dd
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 60 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator [1] the minimum scl clock frequency is limited by the bus time-out f eature, which resets the serial bus interface if either the sda or scl is held low for a minimum of 25 ms. the bus ti me-out feature must be disabled for dc operation. [2] t vd;ack = time for acknowledgement signal from scl low to sda output low. [3] t vd;dat = minimum time for valid sda output following scl low. [4] input filters on the sda and scl inputs suppr ess noise spikes of less than 50 ns. fig 48. reset timing 013aaa475 reset t reset(l) 0.3v dd table 45. timing characteristics: i 2 c-bus v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 9.0 v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c; unless otherwise specif ied. all timing values are valid within the operating supply voltag e and temperature range and referenced to v il and v ih with an input voltage swing of v ss to v dd . timing waveforms see figure 49 . symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit pin scl f scl scl clock frequency [1] --4 0 0k h z t low low period of the scl clock 1.3 - - ? s t high high period of the scl clock 0.6 - - ? s pin sda t su;dat data set-up time 100 - - ns t hd;dat data hold time 0 - - ns pins scl and sda t buf bus free time between a stop and start condition 1.3 - - ? s t su;sto set-up time for stop condition 0.6 - - ? s t hd;sta hold time (repeated) start condition 0.6 - - ? s t su;sta set-up time for a repeated start condition 0.6 - - ? s t r rise time of both sda and scl signals f scl = 400 khz - - 0.3 ? s f scl = 100 khz - - 1.0 ? s t f fall time of both sda and scl signals --0.3 ? s t vd;ack data valid acknowledge time [2] 0.6 - - ? s t vd;dat data valid time [3] 0.6 - - ? s c b capacitive load for each bus line - - 400 pf t sp pulse width of spikes that must be suppressed by the input filter [4] --5 0n s
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 61 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator fig 49. i 2 c-bus timing waveforms scl sda t hd;sta t su;dat t hd;dat t f t buf t su;sta t low t high t vd;ack 013aaa417 t su;sto protocol start condition (s) bit 7 msb (a7) bit 6 (a6) bit 0 (r/w) acknowledge (a) stop condition (p) 1 /f scl t r t vd;dat table 46. timing characteristics: spi-bus v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss =0v; t amb = ? 40 ? c to +85 ? c. all timing values are valid within the operating supply voltage and temperature range and referenced to v il and v ih with an input voltage swing of v ss to v dd . timing waveforms see figure 50 . symbol parameter conditions v dd < 2.7 v v dd ? 2.7 v unit min max min max f clk(scl) scl clock frequency - 2 - 5 mhz t scl scl time 500 - 200 - ns t clk(h) clock high time 200 - 80 - ns t clk(l) clock low time 200 - 80 - ns t r rise time for scl signal - 100 - 100 ns t f fall time for scl signal - 100 - 100 ns t su(ce_n) ce_n set-up time 150 - 80 - ns t h(ce_n) ce_n hold time 0 - 0 - ns t rec(ce_n) ce_n recovery time 100 - 100 - ns t su set-up time set-up time for sdi data 10-5-ns t h hold time hold time for sdi data 25 - 10 - ns
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 62 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator fig 50. spi-bus timing 013aaa476 b7 b6 b0 sdi scl ce 70% 30% t clk(l) t f t h(ce_n) t rec(ce_n) t r t h t su t clk(h) t scl t su(ce_n)
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 63 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 14. package outline fig 51. package outline sot364-1 (tssop56) unit a 1 a 2 a 3 b p cd (1) e (2) eh e ll p qz ywv references outline version european projection issue date iec jedec jeita mm 0.15 0.05 0.2 0.1 8 0 o o 0.1 dimensions (mm are the original dimensions). notes 1. plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. sot364-1 99-12-27 03-02-19 w m a a 1 a 2 d l p q detail x e z e c l x (a ) 3 0.25 12 8 56 29 y pin 1 index b h 1.05 0.85 0.28 0.17 0.2 0.1 14.1 13.9 6.2 6.0 0.5 1 8.3 7.9 0.50 0.35 0.5 0.1 0.08 0.25 0.8 0.4 p e v m a a tssop56: plastic thin shrink small outline package; 56 leads; body width 6.1 mm sot364-1 a max. 1.2 0 2.5 5 mm scale mo-153
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 64 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 15. handling information all input and output pins are protected ag ainst electrostatic discharge (esd) under normal handling. when handling metal-oxide semiconductor (mos) devices ensure that all normal precautions are taken as described in jesd625-a , iec 61340-5 or equivalent standards. 16. soldering of smd packages this text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. a more in-depth account of soldering ics can be found in application note an10365 ?surface mount reflow soldering description? . 16.1 introduction to soldering soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to printed circuit boards (pcbs), to form electr ical circuits. the soldered joint provides both the mechanical and the electrical connection. th ere is no single sold ering method that is ideal for all ic packages. wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and surface mount devices (smds) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not suitable for fine pitch smds. reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high densities that come with increased miniaturization. 16.2 wave and reflow soldering wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from a standing wave of liquid solder. the wave soldering process is suitable for the following: ? through-hole components ? leaded or leadless smds, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board not all smds can be wave soldered. packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. also, leaded smds with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased pr obability of bridging. the reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are: ? board specifications, in cluding the board finish , solder masks and vias ? package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation ? the moisture sensitivit y level of the packages ? package placement ? inspection and repair ? lead-free soldering versus snpb soldering
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 65 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 16.3 wave soldering key characteristics in wave soldering are: ? process issues, such as application of adhe sive and flux, clinching of leads, board transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave ? solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities 16.4 reflow soldering key characteristics in reflow soldering are: ? lead-free versus snpb solderi ng; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to higher minimum peak temperatures (see figure 52 ) than a snpb process, thus reducing the process window ? solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process window for a mix of large and small components on one board ? reflow temperature profile; this profile includ es preheat, reflow (in which the board is heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. it is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). in addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. the peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with ta b l e 4 7 and 48 moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicat ed on the packing, must be respected at all times. studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see figure 52 . table 47. snpb eutectic process (from j-std-020c) package thickness (mm) package reflow temperature ( ?c) volume (mm 3 ) < 350 ? 350 < 2.5 235 220 ? 2.5 220 220 table 48. lead-free process (from j-std-020c) package thickness (mm) package reflow temperature ( ?c) volume (mm 3 ) < 350 350 to 2000 > 2000 < 1.6 260 260 260 1.6 to 2.5 260 250 245 > 2.5 250 245 245
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 66 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator for further information on temperature profiles, refer to application note an10365 ?surface mount reflow soldering description? . 17. footprint informatio n for reflow soldering msl: moisture sensitivity level fig 52. temperature profiles for large and small components 001aac844 temperature time minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature maximum peak temperature = msl limit, damage level peak temperature
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 67 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator fig 53. footprint information for reflow soldering of sot364-1 (tssop56) package dimensions in mm ay by d1 d2 gy hy p1 c gx sot364-1_fr hx sot364-1 solder land occupied area footprint information for reflow soldering of tssop56 package ay by gy c hy hx gx p1 generic footprint pattern refer to the package outline drawing for actual layout p2 (0.125) (0.125) d1 d2 (4x) p2 8.900 6.100 1.400 0.280 0.400 14.270 7.000 9.150 16.600 0.500 0.560
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 68 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driver with 6 channel pwm generator 18. appendix: possible pwm and lcd frame frequency comb inations to avoid flicker [1] the table shows the smallest distance ( ? f) from one frequency to the next or multiples of the next. ? f=min(f1 ? n ? f2); the values for n are 1 to 6; f1 and f2 can be either f pwm or f fr(lcd) ; both relationships have to be considered. a pwm frame frequency (f pwm ) of less than 60 hz may show flicker purely from the lcd. table 49. lcd and pwm frame frequency combinations to avoid flicker [1] experiments have shown that likely no flicke r occurs when pwm frame frequency and lcd frame frequency are between 40 hz and 50 hz apart and no flicker occurs if they are more than 50 hz apart. frame frequencies pwm (f pwm ) lcd (f fr(lcd) ) 59.9 69.1 81.7 89.8 99.8 112.3 119.8 128.3 138.2 149.7 163.4 179.7 199.7 224.6 256.7 299.5 59.9 0.0 9.2 21.8 29.9 20.0 7.5 0.0 8.6 18.4 29.9 16.3 0.0 20.0 15.0 17.1 0.0 70.5 10.6 1.4 11.2 19.4 29.4 28.6 21.1 12.6 2 .7 8.8 22.4 31.7 11.7 13.2 25.2 17.6 79.9 20.0 10.8 1.8 10.0 20.0 32.4 39.9 31.4 2 1.5 10.0 3.6 20.0 39.9 15.0 17.1 20.0 90.4 29.4 21.3 8.7 0.6 9.4 21.9 29.4 37.9 42.6 31.1 17.5 1.1 18.8 43.8 14.5 28.3 99.8 20.0 30.7 18.2 10.0 0.0 12.5 20.0 28.5 38.4 49.9 36.3 20.0 0.0 25.0 42.8 0.0 108.9 10.9 29.3 27.2 19.1 9.1 3.4 10.9 19.4 29.3 40.8 54.5 38.1 18.2 6.8 38.9 27.2 119.8 0.0 18.4 38.1 29.9 20.0 7.5 0.0 8.6 18.4 29.9 43.6 59.9 39.9 15.0 17.1 59.9 129.5 9.7 8.7 33.8 39.7 29.7 17.2 9.7 1.2 8.7 20.2 33.8 50.2 59.4 34.4 2.3 40.5 140.9 21.1 2.7 22.4 38.8 41.1 28.6 21.1 12.6 2.7 8.8 22.4 38.8 58.7 57.3 25.2 17.6 149.7 29.9 11.5 13.6 29.9 49.9 37.4 29.9 21.4 11.5 0.0 13.6 29.9 49.9 74.9 42.8 0.0 159.7 20.0 21.5 3.6 20.0 39.9 47.4 39.9 31.4 21.5 10.0 3.6 20.0 39.9 64.9 62.7 20.0 171.1 8.6 32.9 7.8 8.6 28.5 53.5 51.3 42.8 32.9 21.4 7.8 8.6 28.5 53.5 85.6 42.8 177.5 2.2 29.9 14.1 2.2 22.2 47.1 57.7 49.1 39.2 27.7 14.1 2.2 22.2 47.1 79.2 55.5 184.3 4.6 23.0 20.9 4.6 15.4 40.3 55.3 55.9 46.1 34.6 20.9 4.6 15.4 40.3 72.4 69.1 191.7 12.0 15.7 28.3 12.0 8.0 32.9 47.9 63.3 53.4 41.9 28.3 12.0 8.0 32.9 65.0 83.9 199.7 20.0 7.7 36.3 20.0 0.0 25.0 39.9 57.0 61.4 49.9 36.3 20.0 0.0 25.0 57.0 99.8 208.3 28.6 1.0 36.7 28.6 8.7 16.3 31.3 48.4 68.1 58.6 45.0 28.6 8.7 16.3 48.4 91.1 217.8 21.8 10.5 27.2 38.1 18.2 6.8 21.8 38.9 58.6 68.1 54.5 38.1 18.2 6.8 38.9 81.7 228.2 11.4 20.8 16.9 41.4 28.5 3.6 11.4 28.5 48.3 71.3 64.8 48.5 28.5 3.6 28.5 71.3 239.6 0.0 32.3 5.4 29.9 39.9 15.0 0.0 17.1 36.9 59.9 76.2 59.9 39.9 15.0 17.1 59.9 252.2 12.6 24.2 7.2 17.3 47.3 27.6 12.6 4.5 24.2 47.3 74.5 72.5 52.5 27.6 4.5 47.3 266.2 26.6 10.2 21.2 3.3 33.3 41.6 26.6 9.5 10.2 33.3 60.5 86.5 66.6 41.6 9.5 33.3 281.9 17.6 5.4 36.8 12.3 17.6 55.1 42.3 25.2 5.4 17.6 44.8 77.5 82.2 57.3 25.2 17.6 299.5 0.0 23.0 27.2 29.9 0.0 37.4 59.9 42.8 23.0 0.0 27.2 59.9 99.8 74.9 42.8 0.0
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 69 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 19. abbreviations table 50. abbreviations acronym description cdm charged-device model cmos complementary metal-oxide semiconductor dc direct current emc electromagnetic compatibility eprom erasable programmable read-only memory esd electrostatic discharge hbm human body model i 2 c inter-integrated circuit bus ic integrated circuit lcd liquid crystal display led light-emitting diode lsb least significant bit msb most significant bit msl moisture sensitivity level mux multiplexer otp one time programmable pcb printed-circuit board por power-on reset pwm pulse-width modulation rc resistance-capacitance ram random access memory rgb red green blue rms root mean square scl serial clock line sda serial data line spi serial peripheral interface
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 70 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 20. references [1] an10365 ? surface mount reflow soldering description [2] iec 60134 ? rating systems for electronic tu bes and valves and analogous semiconductor devices [3] iec 61340-5 ? protection of electronic devices from electrostatic phenomena [4] ipc/jedec j-std-020d ? moisture/reflow sensitivity classification for nonhermetic solid state surface-mount devices [5] jesd22-a114 ? electrostatic discharge (esd) se nsitivity testing human body model (hbm) [6] jesd22-c101 ? field-induced charged-device model test method for electrostatic-discharge-withstand thresh olds of microelectronic components [7] jesd78 ? ic latch-up test [8] jesd625-a ? requirements for handling elec trostatic-discharge-sensitive (esds) devices [9] nx3-00092 ? nxp store and transport requirements [10] snv-fa-01-02 ? marking formats integrated circuits [11] um10204 ? i 2 c-bus specification and user manual 21. revision history table 51. revision history document id release date data sheet status change notice supersedes PCF8536 v.2 20120221 product data sheet - PCF8536 v.1 modifications: ? fixed typos PCF8536 v.1 20111006 product data sheet - -
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 71 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 22. legal information 22.1 data sheet status [1] please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] the term ?short data sheet? is explained in section ?definitions?. [3] the product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple device s. the latest product status information is available on the internet at url http://www.nxp.com . 22.2 definitions draft ? the document is a draft versi on only. the content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. nxp semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall hav e no liability for the consequences of use of such information. short data sheet ? a short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. a short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. for detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request vi a the local nxp semiconductors sales office. in case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. product specification ? the information and data provided in a product data sheet shall define the specification of the product as agreed between nxp semiconductors and its customer , unless nxp semiconductors and customer have explicitly agreed otherwis e in writing. in no event however, shall an agreement be valid in which the nxp semiconductors product is deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the product data sheet. 22.3 disclaimers limited warranty and liability ? information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, nxp semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such info rmation. nxp semiconductors takes no responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information source outside of nxp semiconductors. in no event shall nxp semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of contract or any other legal theory. notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever, nxp semiconductors? aggregate and cumulative liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance with the terms and conditions of commercial sale of nxp semiconductors. right to make changes ? nxp semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. this document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. suitability for use ? nxp semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an nxp semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. nxp semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for inclusion and/or use of nxp semiconducto rs products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer?s own risk. applications ? applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purpos es only. nxp semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and products using nxp semiconductors products, and nxp semiconductors accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product design. it is customer?s sole responsibility to determine whether the nxp semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer?s applications and products planned, as well as fo r the planned application and use of customer?s third party customer(s). customers should provide appropriate design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their applications and products. nxp semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default, damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the customer?s applications or products, or the application or use by customer?s third party customer(s). customer is responsible for doing all necessary testing for the customer?s applic ations and products using nxp semiconductors products in order to av oid a default of the applications and the products or of the application or use by customer?s third party customer(s). nxp does not accept any liability in this respect. limiting values ? stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the absolute maximum ratings system of iec 60134) will cause permanent damage to the device. limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper) operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. constant or repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect the quality and reliability of the device. terms and conditions of commercial sale ? nxp semiconductors products are sold subject to the gener al terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms , unless otherwise agreed in a valid written individual agreement. in case an individual agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective agreement shall apply. nxp semiconductors hereby expressly objects to applying the customer?s general terms and conditions with regard to the purchase of nxp semiconducto rs products by customer. no offer to sell or license ? nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products t hat is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any lic ense under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. document status [1] [2] product status [3] definition objective [short] data sheet development this document contains data from the objecti ve specification for product development. preliminary [short] data sheet qualification this document contains data from the preliminary specification. product [short] data sheet production this document contains the product specification.
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 72 of 74 nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator export control ? this document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regu lations. export might require a prior authorization from competent authorities. non-automotive qualified products ? unless this data sheet expressly states that this specific nxp semicon ductors product is automotive qualified, the product is not suitable for automotive use. it is neither qualified nor tested in accordance with automotive testing or application requirements. nxp semiconductors accepts no liabili ty for inclusion and/or use of non-automotive qualified products in automotive equipment or applications. in the event that customer uses t he product for design-in and use in automotive applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer (a) shall use the product without nxp semiconductors? warranty of the product for such automotive applicat ions, use and specifications, and (b) whenever customer uses the product for automotive applications beyond nxp semiconductors? specifications such use shall be solely at customer?s own risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies nxp semiconductors for any liability, damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and use of the product for automotive app lications beyond nxp semiconductors? standard warranty and nxp semiconduct ors? product specifications. translations ? a non-english (translated) version of a document is for reference only. the english version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy between the translated and english versions. 22.4 trademarks notice: all referenced brands, produc t names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. i 2 c-bus ? logo is a trademark of nxp b.v. 23. contact information for more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com for sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com
PCF8536 all information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 2 ? 21 february 2012 73 of 74 continued >> nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator 24. contents 1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 features and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7 pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.1 pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2 pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8 functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1 commands of PCF8536 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1.1 command: initialize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8.1.2 command: otp-refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1.3 command: pwm-inversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8.1.4 command: mode-settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.1.4.1 backplane swapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 8.1.4.2 line inversion (driving scheme a) and frame inversion (driving scheme b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.1.4.3 power-down mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 8.1.4.4 display enable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.1.5 command: oscillator-control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.1.5.1 oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.1.5.2 timing and frame frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.1.6 command: gpo-output-config . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.1.7 command: set-mux-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.1.8 command: set-bias-mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.1.9 command: frame-frequency-lcd. . . . . . . . . . 16 8.1.10 command: frame-frequency-pwm . . . . . . . . . 18 8.1.11 command: gpo-static-data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 8.1.12 command: load-data-pointer-lcd . . . . . . . . . 20 8.1.13 command: load-data-pointer-pwm . . . . . . . . 20 8.1.14 command: write-ram-data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 8.1.15 command: write-pwm-data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2 start-up and shut-down. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.1 reset and power-on reset (por). . . . . . . . . 21 8.2.2 reset pin function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 8.2.3 recommended start-up sequences . . . . . . . . 22 8.3 possible display configurations . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8.4 lcd voltage selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 8.4.1 electro-optical performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8.5 lcd drive mode waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8.5.1 1:4 multiplex drive mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8.5.2 1:6 multiplex drive mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8.5.3 1:8 multiplex drive mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 8.6 display register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.7 backplane outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.8 segment outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 8.9 display ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 8.9.1 data pointer (lcd part) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 8.9.2 ram filling in 1:4 multiplex drive mode . . . . . 37 8.9.3 ram filling in 1:6 multiplex drive mode . . . . . 38 8.9.4 ram filling in 1:8 multiplex drive mode . . . . . 40 8.10 pwm registers and data pointer (pwm part) . 40 8.11 gpo output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 8.11.1 rgb color driving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 8.11.2 pwm inversion mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 9 bus interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.1 control byte and register selection . . . . . . . . 46 9.2 i 2 c-bus interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 9.2.1 bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.2.2 start and stop conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.2.3 system configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 9.2.4 acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.2.5 i 2 c-bus controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.2.6 input filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 9.2.7 i 2 c-bus slave address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9.2.8 i 2 c-bus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 9.2.8.1 status read out. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 9.3 spi-bus interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9.3.1 data transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 10 internal circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 11 limiting values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 12 static characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 13 dynamic characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 14 package outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 15 handling information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 16 soldering of smd packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 16.1 introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 16.2 wave and reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 16.3 wave soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 16.4 reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 17 footprint information for reflow soldering . . 66 18 appendix: possible pwm and lcd frame frequency combinations to avoid flicker . . . 68 19 abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 20 references. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 21 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 22 legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 22.1 data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 22.2 definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 22.3 disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 22.4 trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
nxp semiconductors PCF8536 universal lcd low multiplex driv er with 6 channel pwm generator ? nxp b.v. 2012. all rights reserved. for more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com for sales office addresses, please se nd an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com date of release: 21 february 2012 document identifier: PCF8536 please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ?legal information?. 23 contact information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 24 contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

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